Menstrual Cycle Basics
Your menstrual cycle is a monthly hormonal journey that repeats throughout your reproductive years. Understanding each phase helps you recognize patterns and better manage your health.
The 4 Phases
An average cycle lasts 28 days, but healthy cycles can range from 21 to 40 days. Each cycle has four distinct phases driven by hormonal changes.
Menstruation
Approximately 1-5 days
Your period begins when hormone levels drop. The uterine lining sheds, resulting in bleeding that typically lasts 3-5 days, though 2-7 days is normal.
What to expect:
- Bleeding or spotting
- Cramping or discomfort
- Fatigue
- Mood changes
- Food cravings
Follicular Phase
Approximately 5-13 days
Starting with day 1 of your period, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) increases to help your ovaries produce estrogen. Energy levels typically rise.
What to expect:
- Increasing energy
- Improved mood
- Clearer skin
- Increased motivation
- Better focus
Ovulation
Approximately 1 day
Around day 14 of your cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the release of an egg. This is your most fertile day. The egg travels down the fallopian tube.
What to expect:
- Peak fertility window
- Body temperature rise
- Cervical mucus changes
- Increased libido
- Peak energy levels
Luteal Phase
Approximately 14-15 days
After ovulation, the empty follicle produces progesterone. If the egg isn't fertilized, progesterone drops, triggering menstruation. Some experience PMS symptoms.
What to expect:
- PMS symptoms possible
- Food cravings
- Mood changes
- Bloating
- Fatigue in later days
Cycle Length Variations
Not everyone has a 28-day cycle, and that's completely normal:
- 21-day cycle:Shorter cycles have a shorter luteal phase while menstruation stays typical
- 35-day cycle:Longer cycles often have a longer follicular phase before ovulation
- Irregular cycles:Some cycles vary month to month due to stress, health changes, or lifestyle
Tracking Tips
- Track your period start and end date each month for accurate predictions
- Note when you ovulate (if you know the signs) to identify your pattern
- Pay attention to how different phases affect your mood, energy, and appetite
- Keep a record of any PMS symptoms or unusual changes
- Update CycleGurd with your actual cycle data to improve predictions